Here are the basics….

LABS (blood testing, etc)
CDC Blood Test List

There are about 200 tests that require blood samples.

The basis metabolic panel is widely used.

40-50 test for allergies.
18 are useful for male related general health screening
18 are useful for female related general health screening
7 are for detecting viruses
18 are for rheumatic evaluations
7 are hormonal related – men
7 are hormonal related – female

Some labs group the tests. An example is:
Blood test types and panels

References:
LABS revolution
LABS By Disease
Quantified Self Movement

http://www.austinmedclinic.com/lab-pricing.html”>Austin Example of LABS
Note this example underlines that stool, urine, saliva, and blood are all specimens.